New research shows impact of grief during the pandemic as two thirds of people report experiencing social isolation and loneliness

New research shows impact of grief during the pandemic as two thirds of people report experiencing social isolation and loneliness

• Two thirds (67%) of survey respondents reported that they experienced social isolation and loneliness after a bereavement.
• Those bereaved due to Covid-19 were less likely to be involved in care decisions and be well supported by healthcare professionals after the death
• Almost half (48%) of survey respondents reported they had not been provided information about bereavement support services
• The independent UK Commission on Bereavement is calling on people across the UK to share their experiences of bereavement

New research has highlighted the experiences of those who were bereaved during the pandemic and found that two thirds (67%)** experienced social isolation and loneliness, with bereaved partners and people bereaved due to Covid-19 at particular risk of social isolation and loneliness. Those bereaved due to Covid-19 were also less likely to be involved in care decisions and be well supported by healthcare professionals after the death of their loved one.

The research which has been carried out by Cardiff University's Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre and the University of Bristol found that participants reported high levels of challenges relating to bereavement during the pandemic with the three most common being restricted funeral arrangements (93%)**, limited contact with other close relatives or friends (81%)** and experiencing social isolation and loneliness (67%)**.

When deaths were unexpected rather than expected, such as many Covid-19 deaths, the bereaved person was less likely to be involved in care decisions. Almost half (48%) of participants reported that a healthcare or other care professional had not provided information about bereavement support services, even though this would have been relevant to them**.

The study is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) as part of UK Research and Innovation's rapid response to Covid-19. The pre-print publication of the results*, on the MedRxiv website coincides with UK Commission on Bereavement's call for the public to 'share their grief story' from today. The stories will provide the evidence to help shape the commission's recommendations in the form of a report which they will submit to key decision-makers, including the UK Government, next year on how best to improve support for bereaved people.

A bereaved daughter commented in the survey: "When she (mum) took her last breath I called the nurse, they asked me to step out and confirmed death. I stepped into the ward area and just waited; it was so busy. They could have taken me somewhere. Then a few minutes later the nurse came out and gave me her things and said she couldn't remove her wedding ring. I was told to self-isolate for 14 days and the bereavement team would call. And I left. It was a cold, lonely experience no compassion no empathy - so different from my dad's death five years previous in a nursing home. The bereavement team called the following day and it was very business-like there was no compassion."

A bereaved wife added: "We were isolated for all of the two months he was ill and saw no one. His only sister was not able to visit him or attend the funeral as she lives over 400 miles away. I received messages, cards etc. from over 100 people but only five people were able to attend the funeral. The limited contact and loneliness has continued as I now live on my own and most family and friends are many miles away."

Dr Lucy Selman, from the Palliative and End of Life Care Research Group and the Centre for Academic Primary Care at the University of Bristol, said: "Our research shows the huge challenges associated with being bereaved during the pandemic, highlighting how difficult experiences at the end of life have been compounded by high levels of social isolation and loneliness and a lack of support afterwards. With the average number of deaths in the UK projected to increase over the next twenty years, it is essential that bereavement services are adequately resourced and measures are put in place to ensure everyone who has experienced a bereavement is signposted to support options and information on grief and bereavement services."

Dr Emily Harrop, from the Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre based at Cardiff University, said: "It's saddening to learn that many people who have experienced a bereavement during the pandemic did not receive the emotional support they needed, and many more of those people were not told about the options available to them.

"It's vital that as a country, we learn lessons from the experience of mass bereavement during Covid-19. Health and social care providers must prioritise communication with relatives and help to ensure that people can have contact with their dying loved ones, even in the context of a pandemic. However, this can only happen if resources for staff caring for the dying are also prioritised."

The Bishop of London, the Rt Revd and Rt Hon Dame Sarah Mullally DBE, said: "We must take time to reflect, remember and celebrate the lives of everyone who has died over the past 18 months, and spare a thought too for those who have been unable to grieve or memorialise their loved ones properly due to lockdown restrictions. We're calling on the public to share their grief story with the UK Commission on Bereavement, so we can ensure that in future people who are grieving are able to access the care and support they want and need."

To share your experiences of bereavement and contribute to the review being carried about by the UK Commission on Bereavement visit: bereavementcommission.org.uk/taking-part

ENDS

Notes to Editor

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REFERENCES
The research is funded by the Economic and Social Research (ESRC) part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). Copies of the research findings are available upon request.

* Please note this is a preprint, so it is a preliminary piece of research that has not yet been through peer review and has not been published in a scientific journal – so this is early data. Once available, the link to the preprint will be available at: https://www.covidbereavement.com/reports-and-publications

** Survey Results
Table 1: Frequency of end-of-life care experiences

		N	%
Did the care professionals involve you in decisions about the care for your sick loved one? **	Never	155	21.8
	Sometimes	162	22.8
	Usually	98	13.8
	Always	155	21.8
	Not relevant to my situation (e.g. not next of kin, because none were involved)	140	19.7
	Missing	1	0.1
Did you know the contact details for the professional responsible for their care?	Yes	354	49.8
	No	193	27.1
	Not sure	52	7.3
	Not relevant to my situation	109	15.3
	Missing	3	.4
Did you receive information about the approaching death?	No, not at all	126	17.7
	A bit of information	270	38.0
	Yes, I was fully informed	230	32.3
	Not relevant to my situation	83	11.7
	Missing	2	.3
Did you feel well supported by the healthcare professionals immediately after the death of your loved one?	Very well supported	95	13.4
	Fairly well supported	105	14.8
	A little bit supported	139	19.5
	Not at all supported	252	35.4
	Not relevant to my situation (e.g. because none were involved or not next of kin)	120	16.9
Were you contacted again by the hospital or care provider following their death?	Yes	251	35.3
	No	322	45.3
	Not relevant to my situation	138	19.4
Did they provide information about bereavement support services?	Yes (at the time of death)	131	18.4
	Yes (during follow up call)	89	12.5
	Yes (at the time of death and during follow up call)	22	3.1
	No	342	48.1
	Not relevant to my situation	119	16.7
	Missing	8	1.1

Table 2: Frequency of pandemic-related challenges by the bereaved before or after the death.

Item	Percentage (95% CI)*
Unable to visit them prior to their death	54.3% (50.5% to 58.0%)
Limited contact with them in last days of their life	57.8% (54.1% to 61.5%)
Unable to say goodbye as I would have liked	63.9% (60.2% to 67.4%)
Restricted funeral arrangements	93.4% (91.3% to 95.1%) *
Social isolation and loneliness[1]	66.7% (63.1% to 70.1%) *
Limited contact with other close relatives or friends	80.7% (77.6% to 83.6%) *